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Question: Ranjit said, “Meera can solve this problem.” (रंजीत ने कहा, "मीरा इस समस्या का समाधान कर सकती हैं।")
( A ). Ranjit said if Meera can solve that problem.
( B ). Ranjit said that Meera can solve this problem.
( C ). Ranjit said that Meera could solved this problem.
( D ). Ranjit said that Meera could solve that problem.
Answer: Ranjit said that Meera could solve that problem.
Explanation: रंजीत ने कहा कि मीरा उस समस्या को हल कर सकती थी।
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Question: Suman says, “I am a poor girl.” (सुमन कहती हैं, " मैं एक गरीब लड़की हूँ।")
( A ). Suman says that she is a poor girl.
( B ). Suman says that I was a poor girl.
( C ). Suman says that I am a poor girl.
( D ). Suman says if she is a good girl.
Answer: Suman says that she is a poor girl.
Explanation: सुमन कहती है कि मैं एक गरीब लड़की हूँ।
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Question: My father said, “I have read yesterday’s paper.” (मेरे पिता ने कहा, "मैं कल का अखबार पढ़ चुका हूँ।")
( A ). My father said that he had read yesterday’s newspaper.
( B ). My father said that he had read the previous day’s newspaper.
( C ). My father said that he had reading the previous day’s newspaper.
( D ). My father said that he was read the previous day’s newspaper.
Answer: My father said that he had read the previous day’s newspaper.
Explanation: मेरे पिता ने कहा कि वह पिछले दिन का अखबार पढ़ चुके थे।
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Question: He said, “I am ready.” (उसने कहा, "मैं तैयार हूँ।")
( A ). He said that I am ready.
( B ). He said that he had ready.
( C ). He said that he was ready.
( D ). He said that he is ready.
Answer: He said that he was ready.
Explanation: उसने कहा कि वह तैयार हो गया था।
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Anuj said to Hemanth, "I have broken my toys."
Anuj told Hemanth that he had broken his toys.
दोनों वाक्यों को ध्यान से पढ़े। पहले वाक्य को जिस तरह से वक्ता ने कहा था बिलकुल उसी तरह बोला गया है। अगर वक्ता की बात को उसी के शब्दों में बोला जाए तो उसे Direct Speech कहते है।
दूसरे वाक्य को हमने अपने शब्दों में कहा है (वक्ता के शब्दों को अपने शब्दों में)।ऐसे वाक्यों को indirect Speech कहते है।
Direct Speech के वाक्य को दो भागों में बांटा जा सकता है - Reporting Verb - inverted commas के बाहर वाला वाक्य (Anuj said to Hemanth (esp said)) और Reported Speech - inverted commas के अंदर वाला वाक्य (“I have broken my toys”)।
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पर यदि Reporting Verb, said हो तो Reporting Speech के tense और pronoun दोनों में ही बदलाव आएगा। यदि Reporting Verb का Tense Past Tense हो तो Reported Speech के सारे Tense इस नियम से बदलते है:
Simple Present (do/ does) --> Simple Past (did)
Present Continuous (is/ am/ are verb ing) --> Past Continuous (was/ were verb ing)
Present Perfect (has/ have 3rd form of verb) --> Past Perfect (had 3rd form of verb)
Present Perfect Continuous (has/ have been verb ing) --> Past Perfect Continuous (had been verb ing)
Simple Past (did) --> Past Perfect (had 3rd form of verb)
Past Continuous (was/ were verb ing) --> Past Perfect Continuous (had been verb ing)
Past Perfect (had 3rd form of verb) --> No change of Tense
Past Perfect Continuous (had been verb ing) --> No change of Tense
Will/Shall (in Future Tense) Would/Should --> (Should with Pronoun 'I' & 'We' only)
Can, May --> Could, Might
Could/Should/Would/Might --> No Change
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Question: Suman said, “She was sleeping here.” (सुमन ने कहा, "वह यहाँ सो रही थी।")
( A ). Suman said that she had sleeping there.
( B ). Suman said that she had been sleeping here.
( C ). Suman said that I had been sleeping here.
( D ). Suman said that she had been sleeping there.
Answer: Suman said that she had been sleeping there.
Explanation: सुमन ने कहा कि वह वहाँ सोई हुई थी।
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Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलने के लिए Reported Speech में प्रयुक्त pronoun को इस प्रकार बदलते है -
1 = First Person S = Subject के अनुसार
2 = Second Person O = Object के अनुसार
3 = Third Person N = No Change
जब Reporting Verb, भूत काल (Past Tense) का हो तब निम्नलिखित Reported Speech के शब्दों को निम्नप्रकार से बदला जाता है:
Ago --> Before
Here --> There
Now --> Then
Thus --> So
Today --> That day
Tomorrow --> The next day
Tonight --> That night
Yesterday --> The previous day
This, These --> That, Those
Last night, week --> The previous night, previous week
Next week --> The following week
The day before yesterday --> The day before the previous day
The last fortnight --> The previous fortnight.
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Direct speech को Indirect speech बनाने के लिये
(i) Direct speech के दोनों भागो को जोड़ने के लिये किसी शब्द का प्रयोग होता है (जैसे यहां 'that' का प्रयोग - यदि Reported Speech Simple Sentence है तो दोनों भागों को जोड़ने के लिए "that" का प्रयोग होता है।)
(ii) Inverted Commas को हटा दिया जाता है
(iii) सर्वनाम बदला जाता है
(iv) Reported speech के काल में परिवर्तन होता है ।
जब Reporting Verb का Tense Present Tense (say/ says) या Future Tense (will say) तो Reporting Speech (inverted commas के भीतर वाला वाक्य) के tense में कोई बदलाव नहीं होगा, सिर्फ pronoun को यथानुसार बदला जाएगा।
| Student | Teacher |
| आज मैं अपने मित्र से मिला।हमने बहुत बातें की। पता ही नहीं चला कब समय निकल गया। | |
| कहाँ है अभी आपका मित्र? | |
| उसने कहा कि वह इंदौर में था। | |
| देखो आपने उसके कहे वाक्यों को बिना अर्थ बदले अपने शब्दों में कहा। इसे Indirect Speech कहते है। जब हम किसी तीसरे व्यक्ति की कही हुए बात को उसके अनुपस्थिति में अपने शब्दों में कहें। | |
| Actually उसने कहा था, | |
| अगर उसके कहे वाक्यों को जस का तस बोला जाए, जैसा कि अभी आपने कहा है, उसे Direct Speech कहते है। | |
| आओ इसके विषय में विस्तार से जानें - |
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Question: Rohit said to me, “I did MBA.” (रोहित ने मुझ से कहा , " मैंने एमबीए किया था।")
( A ). Rohit told me that he was doing MBA.
( B ). Rohit told me that he had done MBA.
( C ). Rohit told me that he did MBA.
( D ). Rohit told me he had done MBA.
Answer: Rohit told me that he had done MBA.
Explanation: रोहित ने मुझे बताया कि उसने एमबीए किया था।
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Question: The teacher said,“Honesty is the best policy.” (शिक्षक ने कहा,"ईमानदारी सर्वोत्तम नीति है।")
( A ). The teacher told that honesty is the best policy.
( B ). The teacher told that honesty was the best policy.
( C ). The teacher told that honesty had been the best policy.
( D ). The teacher told that honesty had the best policy.
Answer: The teacher told that honesty is the best policy.
Explanation: शिक्षक से कहा कि ईमानदारी सर्वोत्तम नीति है ।
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Question: Suman said, “I had bought a new car.” (सुमन ने कहा, " मैं एक नई कार खरीद चुकी थी।")
( A ). Suman said that she had been bringing a new car.
( B ). Suman said that she had bought a new car.
( C ). Suman said that he had bought a new car.
( D ). Suman said that she was buying a new car.
Answer: Suman said that she had bought a new car.
Explanation: सुमन ने कहा कि वह एक नई कार खरीद चुकी थी।
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Question: Rahul said to me, “I love you.” (राहुल ने मुझ से कहा , "मैं तुम्हें प्यार करता हूँ।")
( A ). Rahul told me that he loved me.
( B ). Rahul told me whether he loved me.
( C ). Rahul told me that he loved me.
( D ). Rahul told me that he was loving me.
Answer: Rahul told me that he loved me.
Explanation: राहुल ने मुझे बताया कि वह मुझे प्यार करता था।