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Subordinating conjunction दो ऐसे clauses को जोड़ता है जो एक दूसरे पर अर्थ व्यक्त करने के लिए निर्भर होता है। Subordinating conjunctions एक स्वतंत्र (independent) और एक आश्रित (dependent) clause के बीच संबंध बताता है।
इन्हें अर्थ के अनुसार कई वर्गों में विभाजित किया जा सकता है। इस लेसन में हम ऐसे ही कुछ को सीखेंगे। जैसे -
जो समय का बोध कराए (till, before, when, after, while etc…)
जो कारण बताए (because, since, for etc…)
जो उद्देश्य का बोध कराए (that, lest etc…)
जो परिणाम की जानकारी दे (that )
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Question: जो कल करे सो आज, आज करे सो अब।
( A ). Make hay before the sun shines.
( B ). Make hay till the sun shines.
( C ). Make hay that the sun shines.
( D ). Make hay while the sun shines.
Answer: Make hay while the sun shines.
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Question: वह इतना थक गया था कि शायद ही वह खड़ा हो पाये।
( A ). He was so tired because he could hardly stand.
( B ). He was so tired that he could hardly stand.
( C ). He was tired that he could hardly stand.
( D ). He was so tired while he could hardly stand.
Answer: He was so tired that he could hardly stand.
Explanation: so के साथ that conjunction का प्रयोग करते है। hardly के प्रयोग से वाक्य का अर्थ नकारात्मक होता है।
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Question: वह इतना थक गया है कि अब और नहीं चल सकता है। ( परिणाम)
( A ). He is so tired that he can not walk anymore.
( B ). He is so tired that he can walk anymore.
( C ). He is so tired he can not walk anymore.
( D ). He is tired that he can not walk anymore.
Answer: He is so tired that he can not walk anymore.
Explanation: एक वाक्य के कार्य का परिणाम दूसरे पर दिख रहा है।
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Question: हम खाना खाते हैं कि हम रह सके।
( A ). We eat because we may live.
( B ). We eat that we may live.
( C ). We eat till we may live.
( D ). We eat since we may live.
Answer: We eat that we may live.
Explanation: वाक्य में उद्देश्य (purpose) बताया जा रहा है इसलिए that का प्रयोग सही है।
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Question: ऐसा न हो कि मैंने उसका हाथ पकड़ा वह गिर जाए।
( A ). I held her hand because she should fall.
( B ). I held her hand that she should fall.
( C ). I held her hand lest she should fall.
( D ). I held her hand since she should fall.
Answer: I held her hand lest she should fall.
Explanation: lest - ऐसा न हो कि (purpose)
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Question: मैं तुम्हारे साथ इंतजार करूंगा जब तक बस आती है।
( A ). I will wait with you until the bus comes.
( B ). I will wait with you after the bus comes.
( C ). I will wait with you before the bus comes.
( D ). I will wait with you when the bus comes.
Answer: I will wait with you until the bus comes.
Explanation: until - जब तक
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Call me (MC) after you arrive at work (DC).
Although she was tired (DC), she couldn’t sleep (MC).
अगर main clause (MC) वाक्य में पहले आता है, तो comma के द्वारा subordinate clause (DC - dependent clause) को अलग नहीं किया जाएगा (sentence 1)। पर यदि subordinate clause पहले आता है, तो हम comma से main clause को अलग किया जाएगा (sentence - 2).
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Question: मेरे पिता के आने से पहले कमरे को छोड़ दें।
( A ). Leave the room after my father comes.
( B ). Leave the room before my father comes.
( C ). Leave the room while my father comes.
( D ). Leave the room till my father comes.
Answer: Leave the room before my father comes.
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Question: वह प्रथम स्थान पर रहा क्योंकि उसने कड़ी मेहनत की।
( A ). He stood first because he worked hard.
( B ). He stood first that he worked hard.
( C ). He stood first so he worked hard.
( D ). He stood first since he worked hard.
Answer: He stood first because he worked hard.
Explanation: वाक्य में कारण बताया जा रहा है।